During the 2025 EAA Airventure Oshkosh event, the FAA presented its final rule of the Modernization of Special Airworthiness Certification, better known as MOSAIC. After over a decade of collaboration between the Experimental Aviation Association and the Federal Aviation Administration, MOSAIC was ratified on July 22, 2025.
MOSAIC represents a massive step forward for the general aviation industry by greatly expanding the privileges of Sport Pilot Certificate holders, expanding the performance limitations of Sport aircraft, expanding the privileges of Light Sport Repairman Certificate holders, and also expanding the privileges of existing and future aircraft in the Sport category. This massive step forward coincides with the rapid advancement of technologies in recent years, many of these technologies would vastly benefit aviation but implementation has been very, very slow due to the regulatory and financial burden of applying those technologies on existing certified aircraft. The FAA’s rational to pass the final ruling of MOSAIC was to foster the growing sector of Sport Aircraft and allow the technological advancement to be implemented into newer aircraft with less red tape and no compromises on existing safety practices.
MOSAIC has two specific dates when the rules added become live, this was to allow flight instructors, current pilots, and aircraft manufactures time to make adjustments to understand and comply with the new rules. Starting October 22, 2025, the new rules for Sport Pilots and Light sport repairman certificate holders take effect. Starting July 24, 2026 The new rules regarding specifically sport aircraft will take effect, this is to allow ASTM international (the body that creates the consensus standards for Light-Sport aircraft among many other industry standards) to update the standards to reflect the new performance limitations implemented by MOSAIC.
The EAA presents a easy to read and understand bullet point list of the new privileges that are enjoyed by Sport Pilots and Light Sport repairman certificate holders Here.
The Full 717 Page Document published by the FAA can be read Here. The majority of the 717 pages is commentary response by the FAA to questions posed during the public comment period, the verbatim changes to the laws can be found in Section V.
One major change is allowing Sport Pilots certificate holders to fly normally certified aircraft with up to four seats so long as their clean stall speed is below 59 Knots Calibrated Airspeed. This massively opens up the aircraft available to Sport Pilot certificate holders as before MOSAIC they were limited to only Light-Sport Aircraft, Experimental Light-Sport Aircraft, and Experimental-Armature Built Aircraft that fit within the old definitions of a light sport aircraft. Starting October 22, 2025 someone whom holds a Fixed-Wing Sport Pilot Certificate will be able to fly any fixed wing aircraft with the following parameters:
Allows Sport Pilots and those operating under Sport Pilot privileges to fly any aircraft (Sport Pilot Eligible), regardless of the aircraft’s certification basis
- Utilizing a current and valid driver’s license in lieu of an FAA medical or BasicMed
- With a clean stall speed (Vs1) of 59 KCAS or less (no maximum weight)
- That has up to 4 seats (limited to two occupants)
- That has a controllable pitch propeller and/or retractable landing gear with appropriate training and endorsements
- At night with appropriate training, endorsements, and either an FAA medical or BasicMed
As quoted from the EAA
There is a large number of aircraft in the current registry of certified airplanes that have always fit well inside of the new parameters and even the old parameters of a light sport aircraft but if you held a Sport Pilot Certificate, you would not be allowed to fly them because they are in the Standard airworthiness category. What the FAA has done is allow a wider market of both pilots and aircraft to be available. A Sport Pilot certificate holder will be able to fly aircraft as large and complex as a Cessna 182RG so long as they have the appropriate training and endorsements. For aircraft manufactures, this opens up a wider audience that they are able to sell aircraft to. For Sport pilots this opens up their aircraft options on both the new and used aircraft market.
Something less talked about is what this also means for existing Private, Commercial, and Airline Transport Pilot Certificate holders. You can operate under Sport Pilot privileges when you hold a higher level certificate using only your current and valid drivers license and associated limitations in lieu of an FAA Medical Certificate or BasicMed limitations, so long as you have never been denied a FAA medical.
This opens up the doors for people that have had a medical certificate in the past and hold a Private or Commercial certificate but never re-upped their medical after July 6, 2006 but were never denied their medical either. Sometimes people have a life change that takes them away from aviation and they want to get back in as a hobby rather than a carrier change. When coming back after a long hiatus from flying you should always get training and a flight review to make sure you back up to speed with your skills and knowledge.
Sport pilots are also allowed to now operate aircraft at night with appropriate training and endorsements, but they must hold a current FAA medical Certificate or be operating under BasicMed to do so. The FAA chose this option due to the increased risk factors of flying at night but they have stated they will review the requirement in the future to see if it is appropriate to continue requiring an FAA medical or BasicMed for night flight.
For holders of Light Sport Repairman Certificates, they also will enjoy expanded privileges with MOSAIC. Starting on the same October date, those that hold a Light Sport Repairman certificate with a maintenance rating, will now be able to work on all new S-LSAs entering the market, perform annual condition inspections on all Experimental Amature-built aircraft, and make minor alterations and repairs to S-LSA aircraft without approval from the manufacturer. (similar to standard repair process of a traditional Standard airworthiness certified aircraft and a traditional Airframe and Powerplant mechanic) Prior to this, minor alterations of S-LSA aircraft had to be approved by the manufacturer and in some cases this was either impossible because the company went defunct or the company would outright never allow any alterations out of fear the aircraft would lose its S-LSA status with the FAA in the United States. A more detailed list can be found on the EAA Website outlining the expanded privileges.
Expands scope of aircraft eligible for Light Sport Repairman ratings and creates pathway for non-builder owners of amateur-built aircraft to perform their own annual condition inspections.
- Light Sport Repairmen with a Maintenance rating (LSRM) can work on all new S-LSAs entering the market (not eligible for legacy standard-category aircraft such as Cessna 172s)
- LSRM certification course changed from specific three week duration to a requirements-based curriculum that should be roughly the same length
- LSRMs may perform annual condition inspections on all Experimental Amateur-Built aircraft
- Light Sport Repairmen with an Inspection rating (LSRI) may perform annual condition inspections on any Experimental Amateur-Built aircraft that they own (requires at least a two-day course)
- S-LSA manufacturers’ Safety Directives become advisory-only, not mandatory (FAA Airworthiness Directives are mandatory if applicable)
- Minor alterations and repairs may be performed on S-LSAs without manufacturer approval
One of the major changes that will come in July of 2026 is the expanded limitations and privileges surrounding Sport Aircraft. Prior to MOSAIC, Light-Sport aircraft were very limited to the maximum weight, speed, stall speed, Seat count, and propulsion type. With the new changes I hope to see far more advanced personal travel, recreational, and dedicated training aircraft to come to market in the next decade. MOSIAC drastically slashes the certification costs of new aircraft in the Sport Category by allowing manufactures to use ASTM consensus standards in conjunction with FAA oversight. MOSAIC also expands the categories of aircraft that can be built in the Sport Category to now include Helicopters, Gyrocopters, and Powered Lift aircraft.
The EAA Outlines the changes as follows:
Allows larger, safer, and more marketable aircraft to be built as Special and Experimental Light Sport Aircraft (S-LSA/E-LSA)
- Allows for performance-based criteria to define eligibility, including higher speeds (up to 250 knots) and larger aircraft with features like retractable landing gear and constant-speed propellers
- Allows airplanes with up to 61 KCAS stall speed in the landing (VS0) configuration. (Removes the previous 1,320 lb maximum takeoff weight restriction)
- S-LSA/E-LSA airplanes may have up to four seats (however, Sport Pilots and those exercising Sport Pilot Privileges are still limited to one passenger)
- Removes limitation on number and type of propulsion systems (Sport Pilots are limited to one engine)
- Allows certain S-LSA aircraft to conduct aerial work operations when flown by an appropriately-rated pilot
One example I routinely use in personal conversations when talking about technology in aviation is that most aircraft engines can be traced back to their original designs in the mid 1930s and that very little has changed from those original engine designs. This has been done because the engines are known to be reliable even if that leaves a lot of efficiency on the table. Many modern technologies like electronically controlled Fuel and spark timing has been common in the automotive world since the 1980s and we’ve seen the massive benefit of reduced emissions, higher power output, and reduced fuel consumption from it but this technology is very rare in the aviation world. Full Authority Digital Engine Control or FADEC technology exists for aviation engines, but implementation has been seldom due to the massive cost increase of getting the systems certified for legacy engines. Despite the gains of FADEC such as lower fuel consumption and reduced pilot workload, many aircraft owners have a hard time justifying the additional cost of retrofitting the systems because the return on investment is miniscule in the fuel savings, its only a worthwhile addition to someone looking to buy a new aircraft. The Experimental and Light Sport aircraft world has been enjoying FADEC controlled engines for the past decade or more depending on who you ask.
The prime example of a FADEC controlled engine versus a carbureted engine would be the Rotax 912 series of engines. Rotax offers the 912 in both a FADEC controlled option and a Carbureted version. The 912S and the 912iS are both 100hp engines but the difference in performance is very noticeable. At 7500 ft. MSL the carbureted 912S at a cruise power setting of 5000 RPM consumes on average 4.7 Gallons per hour, the 912iS at the same rpm setting consumes 3.8 gallons per hour on average. That’s about a 20% difference in fuel consumption just in cruise, but where the performance difference is most noticeable is during the climb phase of flight. The Carbureted version of the 912 during the climb phase of flight loses power significantly faster with the increase of altitude and the FADEC controlled 912iS maintains its power better with the variable spark timing as the air gets less dense with altitude, meaning you get to your desired altitude faster, you are able to fly just a bit higher than the carbureted version, and you burn significantly less fuel during the climb phases of flight.
Looking forward we should expect to see vastly more efficient and technologically advanced aircraft in the coming years and more people should be able to get into the aviation world with the reduced cost of the new aircraft over the legacy options.